Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, Third Edition

In this Book

• How to Use This Book
• Introduction—Biomaterials Science—An Evolving, Multidisciplinary Endeavor
• A History of Biomaterials
• Introduction—Properties of Materials—The Palette of the Biomaterials Engineer
• The Nature of Matter and Materials
• Bulk Properties of Materials
• Finite Element Analysis in Biomechanics
• Surface Properties and Surface Characterization of Biomaterials
• Role of Water in Biomaterials
• Introduction—The Diversity and Versatility of Biomaterials
• Polymers—Basic Principles
• Polyurethanes
• Silicones
• Fluorinated Biomaterials
• Acrylics
• Metals—Basic Principles
• Titanium and Nitinol (NiTi)
• Stainless Steels
• Ceramics, Glasses, and Glass-Ceramics—Basic Principles
• Natural and Synthetic Hydroxyapatites
• Alumina
• Hydrogels
• Degradable and Resorbable Biomaterials
• Engineered Natural Materials
• Pyrolytic Carbon for Long-Term Medical Implants
• Composites
• Non-Fouling Surfaces
• Applications of “Smart Polymers” as Biomaterials
• Physicochemical Surface Modification of Materials Used in Medicine
• Surface Patterning
• Medical Fibers and Biotextiles
• Textured and Porous Materials
• Electrospinning Fundamentals and Applications
• Surface-Immobilized Biomolecules
• Biomimetic Materials
• Microparticles and Nanoparticles
• Introduction—Biology and Medicine – Key Concepts in the Use of Biomaterials in Surgery and Medical Devices
• Adsorbed Proteins on Biomaterials
• Cells and Surfaces in vitro
• Cell Function and Response to Injury
• Tissues, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell–Biomaterial Interactions
• Effects of Mechanical Forces on Cells and Tissues (The Liquid–Cell Interface)
• Stem Cells—Key Concepts
• Introduction—“Biological Responses to Biomaterials”
• Inflammation, Wound Healing, and the Foreign-Body Response
• Innate and Adaptive Immunity—The Immune Response to Foreign Materials
• The Complement System
• Systemic Toxicity and Hypersensitivity
• Blood Coagulation and Blood–Materials Interactions
• Tumors Associated with Biomaterials and Implants
• Biofilms, Biomaterials, and Device-Related Infections
• How Well Will it Work? Introduction to Testing Biomaterials
• The Concept and Assessment of Biocompatibility
• In Vitro Assessment of Cell and Tissue Compatibility
• In Vivo Assessment of Tissue Compatibility
• Evaluation of Blood–Materials Interactions
• Animal Surgery and Care of Animals
• Large Animal Models in Cardiac and Vascular Biomaterials Research and Assessment
• Microscopy for Biomaterials Science
• Introduction—The Body Fights Back – Degradation of Materials in the Biological Environment
• Chemical and Biochemical Degradation of Polymers Intended to Be Biostable
• The Biodegradation of Biodegradable Polymeric Biomaterials
• Degradative Effects of the Biological Environment on Metals and Ceramics
• Pathological Calcification of Biomaterials
• Introduction—Applications of Biomaterials
• Nonthrombogenic Materials and Strategies—Case Study
• Introduction to Cardiovascular Medical Devices
• Substitute Heart Valves
• Endovascular Stents, Vascular Grafts, and Stent Grafts
• Other Cardiovascular Devices
• Implantable Cardiac Assist Devices and IABPs
• Artificial Cells
• Extracorporeal Artificial Organs
• Orthopedic Applications
• Dental Implantation
• Adhesives and Sealants
• Ophthalmologic Applications—Introduction
• Biomaterials—Contact Lenses
• Intraocular Lens Implants—A Scientific Perspective
• Corneal Inlays and Onlays
• Ophthalmologic Applications—Glaucoma Drains and Implants
• The Development of a Retinal Prosthesis—A Significant Biomaterials Challenge
• Bioelectrodes
• Cochlear Prostheses
• The Role of Biomaterials in Stimulating Bioelectrodes
• Medical Biosensors
• Burn Dressings and Skin Substitutes
• Sutures
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Injected Nanocarriers
• PEGylation of Drugs and Nanocarriers
• Targeting
• Polymer–Drug Conjugates
• Liposomes
• Polymeric Micelles
• Dendrimers
• Nucleic Acid Delivery
• Polymeric and Albuminated Drug Nanoparticles
• Injected Depot DDS
• Implants and Inserts
• Smart DDS
• Transdermal DDS
• Oral Drug Delivery
• Diagnostic Applications of Biomaterials
• Medical Applications of Silicones
• Introduction—Rebuilding Humans Using Biology and Biomaterials
• Overview of Tissue Engineering Concepts and Applications
• Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
• Cell Sources for Tissue Engineering—Mesenchymal Stem Cells
• Micromechanical Design Criteria for Tissue Engineering Biomaterials
• Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering
• Bone Tissue Engineering
• Cartilage and Ligament Tissue Engineering—Biomaterials, Cellular Interactions, and Regenerative Strategies
• Blood Vessel Tissue Engineering
• Heart Valve Tissue Engineering
• Cardiac Muscle Tissue Engineering
• Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes
• Esophageal and Gastrointestinal Tissue Engineering
• Neuronal Tissue Engineering
• Immunoisolation
• Tissue Engineering with Decellularized Tissues
• Introduction—Implants, Devices, and Biomaterials—Special Considerations
• Sterilization of Implants and Devices
• Correlation, Materials Properties, Statistics and Biomaterials Science
• Device Failure Mode Analysis
• Implant Retrieval and Evaluation
• Introduction—Voluntary Standards, Regulatory Compliance, and other Non-Technical Issues
• Commercialization—What it Takes to Get a Product to Market
• Voluntary Consensus Standards
• Regulatory Overview for Medical Products Using Biomaterials
• Principles of Reimbursement for Medical Devices
• Corporate Considerations on Biomaterials and Medical Devices—Case Studies in Regulation and Reimbursement
• Ethical Issues in Biomaterials and Medical Devices
• Legal Aspects of Biomaterials
• Clinical Trials for Medical Devices
• Entrepreneurship in Biomaterials
• Postmarket Considerations in Biomaterials and Medical Devices